(V) RELIGION OF
SALVATION IN THIS LIFE AND THE HEREAFTER
It is the distinctive merit of
Islam that it does not concern itself merely with Salvation beyond the
grave—salvation in the Hereafter, but also gives full consideration to --- in
fact, ensures --- human salvation in this life. For that purpose, it provides
comprehensive Guidance which guarantees moral perfection, social progress,
economic justice and political health – in short, all that is needed for the
practical realisation and attainment of true human happiness in earthly life and
all-round harmonious evolution of humanity.Laura Veccia Vaglieri says: "A
religion which is not content with being a theory adapted to the aspirations of
our human nature, nor with fixing a code of sublime precepts which may or may
not be applied, but which also provides a code of life, establishes the
fundamental principles of our morality on a systematic and positive base,
precisely formulates the duties of man towards himself and towards others by
means of rules which are capable of evolution and compatible with the widest
intellectual develo-pment, and which gives its laws a Divine sanction, surely
deserves our most profound admiration, as its influence is continual and
salutary on man." (Apologie de L’ Islamisme, p. 88).
(W) RELIGION WITH
AUTHENTIC AND PERFECT DIVINE SCRIPTURE
There are three fundamental merits
of the Holy Qur’an, the Scripture of Islam, in which it stands unique among the
scriptures of the world. They are: (1) authenticity of its text: (2) perfection
of its literary form; (3) rational character, comprehensiveness and profoundness
of its guidance. Even a brief discussion of these merits is not possible in the
present introductory sketch. They are, however, so well-established that even
the non-Muslim western scholars, who are always ready to attack Islam on the
slightest pretext had to admit them in forceful words.Commenting on the beauty
of form of the Holy Qur’an Paul Casanova remarks: "Whenever Hazrat Muhammad
(P.B.U.H.) was asked a miracle as a proof of the authenticity of his mission, he
quoted the composition of the Qur’an and its incomparable excellence as a proof
of its Divine origin. And, in fact, even for those who are non-Muslims nothing
is more marvelous than its language with such a prehensile plenitude and a
grasping sonority that its simple audition ravished with admiration those
primitive peoples so fond of eloquence! The ampleness of its syllables with a
grandiose cadence and with a remarkable large rhythm have been of much moment in
the conversion of the most hostile and the most sceptic." (L’ Enseignement de
I’Arabe au College de France, Lecon d’ouverture, April 26, 1909).As regards
perfection in matter of guidance and the authenticity of its text, Laura Veccia
Vaglieri observes: "But besides the perfection of form and method, the Book is
also revealed inimitable by its very substance, for, we read in it, among other
things, previsions or future events and of relations of fact accomplished since
many centuries or which are generally ignored, and allusions to the most
different sciences, religious or profane. On the whole we find in it a
collection of wisdom which can be adopted by the most intelligent of men, the
greatest of philosophers and the most skillful politicians….. But there is
another proof of the Divinity of the Qur’an: it is the fact that it has been
preserved intact through the ages since the time of its Revelation till the
present day. And so it will always remain, with God’s Will, as long as the
universe exists. Read and re-read through out the Muslim world, this book does
not rouse in the Faithful any weariness; it rather, through repetition, is found
feeling of awe and respect in the one who reads it or listens to it." (Apologie
de L’Islamisme, pp.57-59).
(X) RELIGION WITH THE
SIMPLEST CREED
The Islamic creed is as simple as the Islamic ideology is
profound. Its first fundaments are:
(1) SEVEN ARTICLES OF
FAITH
They are: Belief in:
Allah;
Angles;
Divine
Scriptures;
Messengers of Allah;
the Hereafter;
the pre-measurement of
Good and Evil;
Resurrection after death.
(2) THE "FIVE
PILLARS"
They are:
Declaration of faith in the One-ness of God and in the
Divine Messengership of Hazrat Muhammad: (Peace be upon him) La ilaha Illallah
Muhammadur-Rasulullah;
Obligatory Prayers;
Obligatory Fasts;
Zakat or
Poor-tax;
Pilgrimage to Ka’aba at Meccaa by those who possess the means.A
Christian critic of Islam makes the following confession: "Islam had the power
of peacefully conquering the souls by the simplicity of its theology, the
clearness of its dogma and principles, and the definite number of practices
which it demands. In contrast to Christianity which has been undergoing
continuous transformation since its origin, Islam has remained identical with
itself" (Jean Lheureux: Etude sur L’Islamisme, p. 35).For an appreciation of the
Seven Articles and the Five Pillars, the reader is referred to "The Principles
of Islam" written by His Eminence Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqi and published in
the present series. Here it may be noted, however, that these Seven Articles and
Five Pillars constitute only the "first fundaments", while the complete ideology
of Islam, which shoots off from these fundaments and which is enshrined in the
Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic Traditions, is so comprehensive as to cover the
entire sweep of necessary guidance on physical, moral, social and spiritual
aspects of human life.
(Y) Hazrat Muhammad
(peace be upon him) THE PINNACLE OF HUMAN PERFECTION
A code alone cannot,
by its existence as such, inspire mankind to action. Hence to love the Holy
Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Allah bless him!) above all human being and things of
the world, to believe in him as the Most Perfect Embodiment of Human Perfection
and as the Absolute Leader and the Last and the Final Prophet (after whom no new
prophet of any category, zilli, buruzi, tashri’ee, ghairtashri’ee --- shadowy or
real --- is to come), and to follow him as the "Best Example", form the
prerequisite of Islamic Belief.This is the theological status of the Holy
Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (peace be with him) in Islam. As regards his refulgent
personality, that would require volumes even to do bare justice to
it.
It is said that the best testimony is that which comes from the enemy’s camp. Here, therefore, we might quote a few statements of the Western scholars of Islam.Hazrat Muhammad’s (peace be with him) figure was highly majestic, his complexion and features were extremely handsome, and "he was gifted", says the renowned Orientalist Lane Poole, "with mighty powers of imagination, elevation of mind, delicacy and refinement of feeling. ‘He is more modest than a virgin behind her curtain", it was said of him. He was most indulgent to his inferiors, and would never allow his awkward little page to be scolded whatever he did. ‘Ten years,’ said Anas, his servant, ‘was I about the Prophet and he never said as much as Uff to me.’ He was very affectionate towards his family. One of his boys died on his breast in the smoky house of the nurse, a blacksmith’s wife. He was very fond of children; he would stop them in the streets and pat their little heads. He never struck anyone in his life. The worst expression he ever made use of in conversation was, ‘what has come to him? May his forehead be darkened with mud!’ When asked to curse someone, he replied, ‘I have not been sent to curse but to be a mercy to mankind.’ He visited the sick, followed any bier he met, accepted the invitation of a slave to dinner, mended his own clothes, milked the goats, and waited upon himself, relates summarily another tradition. He never first withdrew his hand out of another man’s palm, and turned not before the other had turned.‘He was the most faithful protector of those he protected, ‘the sweetest and most agreeable in conversation. Those who saw him were suddenly filled with reverence; those who came near him loved him; they who described him would say, ‘I have never seen his like either before or after.’ ‘He was of great taciturnity, but when he spoke it was with emphasis and deliberation and no one could forget what he said."He lived with his views in a row of humble cottages separated from one another by palm branches cemented together with mud. He would kindle the fire, sweep the floor, and milk the goats himself. The little food he had was always shared with those who dropped in to partake of it. Indeed, outside the Prophet’s house was a bench or a gallery on which were always found a number of poor who lived entirely upon his generosity, and were hence called ‘people of the bench’. His ordinary food was dates and water, or barley bread; milk and honey were luxuries of which he was fond but which he rarely allowed himself. The fare of the desert seemed most congenial to him even when he was the sovereign of Arabia…"There is something so tender and womanly, and withal so heroic, about the man that one is in peril of finding the judgement unconsciously blinded by the feeling of reverence and well-nigh love that such a nature inspires. He who, standing alone, braved for years the hatred of his people, is the same who was never the first to withdraw his hand from another’s clasp; the beloved of children who never passed a group of little ones without a smile from his wonderful eyes and a kind word for them, sounding all the kinder in that sweet-toned voice. The frank friendship, the noble generosity, the dauntless courage and hope of the man, all tend to melt criticism into admiration."He was an enthusiast in that noblest sense when enthusiasm becomes the salt of the earth, the one thing that keeps men from rotting whilst they live. Enthusiasm is often used despitefully, because it is jointed to an unworthy cause or falls upon barren ground and bears no fruit. So was it not with Hazrat Muhammad (Peace be with him). He was an enthusiast when enthusiasm was the one thing needed to set the world aflame, and his enthusiasm was noble for a noble cause. He was one of those happy few who have attained the supreme joy of making one great truth their very lifespring. He was the Messenger of the one God, and never to his life’s end did he forget who he was or the message which was the marrow of his being. He brought his tidings with a dignity sprung from the consciousness of his high office together with a most sweet humility." (Speeches and Table-talk of the Prophet Hazrat Muhammad, Introduction’ XXVIII – XXX)."The essential sincerity of Hazrat Muhammad’s (Peace be with him) nature," says Professor Nathaniel Schmidt, "cannot be questioned; and historical criticism that blinks no fact, yields nothing to credulity, weighs every testimony, has no partisan interest, and seeks only the trust, must acknowledge his claim to belong to that order of Prophets who, whatever the nature of their psychical experience may have been, in diverse manners, have admonished, taught, uttered austere and sublime thoughts, laid down principles of nobler than they found, and devoted themselves fearlessly to their high calling, being irresistibly impelled to their ministry be a power within." (The New International Encyclopaedia. Vol. XVI, p. 72).Speaking of the glorious success which attended the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad’s (Peace be with him) mission, Caryle observes: "To the Arab nation Islam was a birth from darkness into light; Arabia first became alive by means of it. A poor, shepherd people, roaming unnoticed in its deserts since the creation of the world; a Hero-Prophet was sent down to them with a word they could believe: see the unnoticed becomes world-notable, the small has grown worldgreat. Within one century afterward Arabia is at Granada on this hand, at Delhi on that, glancing in valuour and splendour and the light of genius, Arabia shines through long ages over a great section of the world. These Arabs, the man Hazrat Muhammad, (Peace be with him) and that one century --- is it not as if a spark had fallen, one spark on what seemed black, unnoticeable sand? But lo ! the sand proves explosive powder, blazes heaven-high from Delhi to Granada!" (Heroes and Hero-Worship: Chappter on "Hero as Prophet").O. Houdas, the French scholar, said half a century ago about the inner vitality of the Holy Prophet’s Message: "Never has a religion developed with parallel rapidity. In less than half a century Islam spread from the banks of the Indus to the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, and, if this movement slowed down, it still persists after fourteen centuries of existence. After having penetrated in India, in China and Malaysia, Islam continues its invading march in the African Continent which will before long become entirely Muslim. Without special missionaries and without resort to the force of arms, the religion of Hazrat Muhammad (Peace be with him) has converted the Black Continent, and it is not without some astonishment to point out the existence in England and America of small white communities which….. have adopted the Islamic doctrines and made efforts to propagate them. This invasion of Europe, hardly visible today, will surely grow." (La Grande Encyclopaedie, Tome 20, article: Islamisme).
(Z) ABSORPTION IN THE
LOVE OF GOD THE FINAL GOAL
Cultivation of and absorption in the love of
Allah, and the permeation of the heart with the sweet ecstasy of that love,
until a person becomes virtually incapable of acting against the Divine
Commands, is the final goal, which bestows upon a Muslim "Abiding Life" --- a
life of Peace, Progress and Perfection.